Christian Maes, Frank Redig Positivity of Entropy Production (404K, Postscript) ABSTRACT. We discuss the positivity of the mean entropy production for stochastic systems driven from equilibrium, as it was defined previously by us in connection with a fluctuation theorem. Non-zero entropy production is closely linked with violation of the detailed balance condition. This connection is rigorously obtained for spinflip dynamics. We remark that the positivity of entropy production depends on the choice of time-reversal transformation, hence on the choice of the dynamical variables in the system of interest.