Seco, L. A. Number Theory, Classical mechanics and the Theory of Large Atoms (33K, TeX) ABSTRACT. We study a number theoretic term appearing in the study of ground state energies of large atoms, which comes from the spectral asymptotics of a radial Schr\"odinger operator. A extension of the Van der Corput method for exponential sums expresses this term as a sum of classical data of a certain classical hamiltonian.