Lewis J.T., Pfister Ch-Ed., Sullivan W.G. Large deviations and the thermodynamic formalism: a new proof of the equivalence of ensembles (32K, LaTeX) ABSTRACT. We give a new proof of the equivalence of ensembles for lattice systems, but our method applies to more genral situations. Our main result may be stated roughly as : equivalence of ensembles holds at the level of measures whenever it holds at the level of thermodynamic functions