Giovanni Gallavotti Entropy, Nonequilibrium, Chaos and Infinitesimals (111K, latex) ABSTRACT. A survey of the approach to Statistical Mechanics following Boltzmann's theory of ensembles and ergodic hypothesis leading to chaoticity as a unifying principle of equilibrium and nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics. (Source of the talk at the ESI Symposium on "Boltzmann's legacy", Vienna, 6-9 June, 2006.