W. De Roeck, C. Maes, K. Netocny
H-Theorems from Autonomous Equations
(256K, pdf)

ABSTRACT.  The H-theorem is an extension of the Second Law to a time-sequence of states that need not be equilibrium ones. In this paper we review and we rigorously establish the connection with macroscopic autonomy. 
If for a Hamiltonian dynamics for many particles, at all times the present macrostate determines the future macrostate, then its entropy is non-decreasing as a consequence of Liouville's theorem. That observation, made since long, is here rigorously analyzed with special care to reconcile the application of Liouville's theorem (for a finite number of particles) with the condition of autonomous macroscopic evolution (sharp only in the limit of infinite scale separation); and to evaluate the presumed necessity of a Markov property for the macroscopic evolution.