Ali Ben Amor, Christian Remling Direct and inverse spectral theory of one-dimensional Schr"odinger operators with measures (48K, LaTeX2e) ABSTRACT. We present a direct and rather elementary method for defining and analyzing one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operators $H=-d^2/dx^2+\mu$ with measures as potentials. The basic idea is to let the (suitably interpreted) equation $-f''+\mu f=zf$ take center stage. We show that the basic results from direct and inverse spectral theory then carry over to Schr\"odinger operators with measures.